Structural and Material Differences Between Conductive Diamond BDD and MMO Electrodes The core distinction between Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) electrode and Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) electrode lies in their surface chemistry. Classified as a “non-active“ anode, BDD electrode lacks a significant catalytic surface for the adsorption of organics, which leads to the production of weakly adsorbed, highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (ᐧOH) (Nafiat et al., 2026; “BDD Electrode Vs RUO₂ Anode,” ). In contrast, MMO electrodes are “active” anodes, where the metal oxides (typically IrO₂ or RuO₂) participate directly in the redox cycle, leading to the formation of higher oxidation state metal oxides that favor selective and often partial oxidation. This context is to discuss major differences of BDD electrode and MMO electrode, on structures, substrates and coatings, chemical parameters, performances in electrochemistry: radical oxidation and oxidant generations,
